Pelvic Organ Prolapse Awareness Month

Pelvic Organ Prolapse: What Women Need to Know

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common but often under-discussed condition that can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. During Pelvic Organ Prolapse Awareness Month, Dr. Russell Stanley, a board-certified OB/GYN with UT Health East Texas, sheds  light on symptoms, risk factors and treatment options.

What is pelvic organ prolapse, and how common is it?

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs — such as the bladder, uterus or rectum — become weakened and allow one or more of those organs to shift downward. It’s more common than many people realize, especially among women who have had children, are postmenopausal or have chronic strain on the pelvic floor. While it can be uncomfortable or concerning, it is a very treatable condition.

What symptoms should women watch for?

Symptoms can vary, but common signs include a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area, a bulge or something “falling out” of the vagina, urinary leakage or difficulty emptying the bladder, and sometimes discomfort during activity or intimacy. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to speak with your provider — early evaluation can make a big difference.

What causes pelvic organ prolapse?

The primary cause is weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues. This can happen due to pregnancy and childbirth, aging, menopause, chronic coughing, heavy lifting or obesity. Genetics can also play a role. Over time, these factors place stress on the pelvic floor, reducing its ability to support the organs.

What treatment options are available?

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and a patient’s goals. Options can range from lifestyle changes and pelvic floor physical therapy to the use of a pessary, which is a device inserted to support the organs. In more advanced cases, surgery may be recommended. The good news is that there are effective, individualized treatments available for almost every patient.

How can women reduce their risk of developing prolapse?

Maintaining a strong pelvic floor is key. This includes regular pelvic floor exercises (like Kegels), maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting when possible and managing chronic conditions like coughing or constipation. Staying proactive about pelvic health and having open conversations with your doctor are important steps in prevention and early detection.

Russell Stanley, DO, is a board-certified OB/GYN who practices at UT Health East Texas and a clinical faculty physician at The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center under the UT Tyler School of Medicine.